From the link https://www.deltami.edu.pl/2024/09/klub-44/
Statement of the problem
"The sequence \;a_0,\;a_1,\;a_2,\;...\; is defined by the formulas
a_0=3,\;a_{n+1}=a_n^2-2,\;n=0,\;1,\;2,...\;. Calculate the limit
\lim_{n \to \infty}\frac{1}{a_n}\prod_{i=0}^{n-1}a_i
or demonstrate that this limit does not exist."
The demonstration is from the same cited place .
ANSWER : The limit is \frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}.
Proof : Personal preamble CiP
A first observation is that \;a_n>2. (It would be too pedantic to prove this by induction; however: a_0>2\; and assuming a_n>2\; we get
a_{n+1}=a_n^2-2>2^2-2=2.)
We have, because a_n>2,
\;\;a_{n+1}-a_n=a_n^2-2-a_n=(a_n+1)(a_n-2)>0, so a_{n+1}>a_n, meaning the sequence (a_n)_{n\geqslant 0} is strictly increasing.
Then we have a_n\geqslant n+3 (an extremely poor estimate). (Induction is equally trivial: a_0\geqslant 3, and assuming \;a_n \geqslant n+3, result
a_{n+1}\geqslant (n+3)^2-2=n^2+6n+7\geqslant n+4.)
However, from the above it follows that
\lim_{n \to \infty}a_n=\infty \;. \tag{1}
I wrote all this to justify the statement "Jasne, że a_n \to \infty". Next, we copy the quoted solution.
<end Preamble>
We will define the sequence (b_n)_{n \geqslant 0} by
b_0=1,\;b_n=a_0\cdots a_{n-1},\;n=1,\;2,\dots
and we have to investigate the limit of the sequence \left ( \frac{b_n}{a_n}\right )_{n \geqslant 0}.
We see that
b_{n+1}=a_n \cdot b_n \tag{2}
and we will prove by Induction that
a_n^2-5\cdot b_n^2=4. \tag{3}
Obvious \;a_0^2-5\cdot b_0^2=3^2-5\cdot 1=4, and assuming (3) true, result
a_{n+1}^2-5\cdot b_{n+1}^2 \overset{def}{\underset{(2)}{=}}(a_n^2-2)^2-5 \cdot (a_n\cdot b_n)^2=\underline{a_n^4}-4a_n^2+4-\underline{5a_n^2b_n^2}=\underline{a_n^2}\cdot (a_n^2-5b_n)-4a_n^2+4 \underset{(3)}{=}a_n^2\cdot 4-4a_n^2+4=4
so (3) also occurs for \;n+1. This complete the Induction.
Now we have
\left (\frac{b_n}{a_n} \right )^2=\frac{b_n^2}{a_n^2}\underset{(3)}{=}\frac{\frac{a_n^2-4}{5}}{a_n^2}=\frac{a_n^2-4}{5a_n^2}=\frac{1}{5}-\frac{4}{5}\cdot \frac{1}{a_n^2}\xrightarrow{(1)}\frac{1}{5}-\frac{4}{5}\cdot 0=\frac{1}{5}.
Therefore \;\frac{b_n}{a_n} \to \frac{1}{\sqrt{5}}.
\blacksquare
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