I am in possession of a copy in Romanian of the famous book
I. S. Gradshteyn & I. M. Ryzhik, Table of Integrals, Series, and Products
A Russian version of the 4th edition (1963) exists in PDF or DjVu format.
I was helped by Microsoft Copilot AI in organizing the material.
1. Sum of sines in arithmetic progression
$$\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\sin (x+k\cdot y)=\sin \left (x+\frac{n-1}{2}\cdot y \right )\cdot \frac{\sin (ny/2)}{\sin (y/2)} \tag{1}$$
2. Sum of cosines in arithmetic progression
$$\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\cos (x+k\cdot y)=\cos \left (x+\frac{n-1}{2}\cdot y\right )\cdot \frac{\sin (ny/2)}{\sin (y/2)} \tag{2}$$
3. Particular Cases
$$\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\sin \frac{k\pi}{n}=\cot \frac{\pi}{2n} \tag{3}$$
$$\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\cos \frac{k\pi}{n}= 1\tag{4}$$
4. Generalized sum
For $m\in\mathbb{Z}\;:$
$$\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\sin \frac {mk\pi}{n}=\begin{cases}\sin \left ( \frac{(n-1)m\pi}{2n}\right )\cdot \frac{\sin (m\pi/2)}{\sin (m\pi/2n)}\;\;if\;m-odd\\\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;0\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;if\;m-even \end{cases} \tag{5}$$
5. Generalized sum
$$\sum_{k=0}^{n-1}\cos \frac{mk\pi}{n}=\begin{cases}\cos \left (\frac{(n-1)m\pi}{2n} \right )\cdot \frac{\sin (m\pi/2)}{\sin (m\pi/2n)}\;\;if\;m-odd \\\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;0\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;if\;m-even \end{cases} \tag{6}$$
$\blacksquare\;\;\blacksquare\;\;\blacksquare$
REMARK CiP Formula (4) is totally uninteresting.
$\cos 0+\color{Red}{\cos \frac{\pi}{n}}+\color{Magenta}{\cos \frac{2\pi}{n}}+\dots+\color{Magenta}{\cos \frac{(n-2)\pi}{n}}+\color{Red}{\cos \frac{(n-1)\pi}{n}}$
The sum has the first term equal to 1, and the remaining terms are reduced two by two (we have highlighted the opposite terms in color), based on the equality
$\cos\frac{(n-k)\pi}{n}=\cos \left (\pi-\frac{k\pi}{n} \right )=-\cos \frac{k\pi}{n}.$
More interesting would be a "half-way" formula of the form :
$\cos \frac{\pi}{n}+\cos \frac{2\pi}{n}+\dots +\cos \frac{[n/2]\pi}{n}$
< end REM>
I'm also including a copy of my discussion with Artificial Intelligence here.
/me : Am urmatooarele formule, le scriu fara latex :
- sinx+sin(x+y)+sin(x+2y)+...+sin(x+(n-1)y)=sin(x+(n-1)y/2) sin(ny/2)cosec(y/2);
/AI : Formula ta este corectă, doar că trebuie scrisă cu parantezele bine puse. Identitatea standard este:
/me : 2)cosx+cos(x+y)+...+cos(x+(n-1)y)=cos(x+(n-1)y/2)sin(ny/2)cosec(y/2)
- sum_{k=0}^{n-1}sinm(k\pi)/n=ctg(\pi)/2n. Este 3) un caz particular al lui 1) ?? Care este o formula analoaga pentru 3) dar scrisa pentru cos(k\pi/n) ? Cum as putea cita aceste formule intr-o lucrare fara mari pretentii academice, dar corecta dpdv moral ?
/AI :Răspund pe rând, clar și compact, dar cu toată structura necesară.
/me : Pune-mi te rog, si voi mentiona in lucrare ca m-ai ajutat.
/AI :Mai jos ai pagina completă, coerentă, ordonată, exact cum ai putea să o incluzi într‑o lucrare. Nu conține nimic redundant, doar formulele esențiale și câteva observații utile.





















